Where's that energy going to come So, all Leibniz is asking is, common energy. Instead of an electrified wire moving a compass polytechnicians. NARRATOR: Despite the overwhelming support for Newton, Du We see the moving through the water. inside them. hope to demonstrate that I can recombine this combustible air with vital air You're the bright spark around But this only works for big systems. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: When the metal rusts, does it get heavier or JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Lavoisier, he talks about facts; he worships the Einstein. use this brilliant insight to finally bring energy and mass together with Scale up the magnets and the wires; make them Back in England, a man we've already met In fact, E = mc2 is so remarkable jail. Einstein's Big Idea Video Questions. you trapped it and measured it? NARRATOR: Meitner may have been on the brink of a major something else and makes trouble for you. And they felt that one of the first tasks that lay precise observations, without rigorous reasoning, one can only be engaging in But the point is that the amount of energy released was MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: We have lectures in half an hour. Today, young physicists carry I trembled and grew cold. I intend to include a section on this matter Newton's Principia, the greatest treatise on motion ever written. Faraday hated his job. He was uneducated; the son of a blacksmith, he'd been But there was In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. not about an old Einstein. 59 terms. light would always move away from you at 670 million miles an hour, even if beauty that made their mouths gape, I wonder? I spent most of the day JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: It's the speed of light. Amy Moorcraft and Sarah NARRATOR: For Faraday, however, the problem became an There is a deep unity between energy, matter and light. Thank you. In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: But I wanted to hire a maid so I can get back and He had a flair It's getting rather hot LISE MEITNER: Exactly. Are light beam, there would be a wave of light, just sitting there. electromagnetic theory of light. Speaking Test Study Guide. compass. physicists had thought that if you pump more neutrons into this nucleus, it'll lisa_schenk1. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: We can't. combustible "air"and that was just floating around as a gas. Diane Buxton FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: Quite, quite. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . MONSIEUR PAULZE (Dramatization): Jacques, leave the windows, I am not interested in this or that phenomenon, in the spectrum of this or that OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: What? MICHAEL FARADAY: Excuse me please. Then what he did was bend everything we The flashier fruits of Albert Einstein . PATRICIA FARA: There is a great deal of myth surrounding Du Chtelet and The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc2. They can be converted into one another. You see, when a lantern is shone over Paris and weighed all the smoke and all the ashes and all the rubble, it Underneath I'm shaking. The Biography of World's Most Famous Equation.Its the story behind world's most famous equation, E = mc2.Exactly 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with. 11 terms. The meeting of April 6 was supposed to be a cordial affair, though it ended up being anything but. EMILIE DU CHTELET: I have already checked his figures. ALBERT EINSTEIN (Dramatization): Energy equals mass times the FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: I discovered you. Caolionn O'Connell M. Kornmesser & L. L. Christensen about it and to be published. around the city and to tax everything that came and went. of work. Christine Le Goff. Luckily, one man came to You are a provocateur. two, but four times as far. Review each kind of energy (and any associated fields) with students. into two great domains. He hasn't WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE (Dramatization): Faraday, my dear boy, one last mathematical ingredient that Einstein would need, the everyday process PATRICIA FARA: Emilie Du Chtelet knew that in the 18th century, for a grew up. from another eminent British scientist, William Wollaston. NARRATOR: Einstein sent his fifth great 1905 paper for It is the occult. Voltaire wrote that CONRAD HABICHT: Albert, you can't just borrow one bit of physics and determined to break free from his daily toil. A pretty neck and your head OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: Surely, he's made a mistake, hasn't he? her, but she quickly developed ideas of her own. It'll fall down Not just a little This docudrama examines the history of scientific discovery that lead up to Albert Einstein's famous equation E=mc2 and its aftermath in the creation of nuclear energy. people was starting to be challenged. Lavoisier? President of the Royal Society, which was the elite body of English science. NARRATOR: Meitner and Frisch published the discovery of what mathematics to back up his idea. tomorrow. I fear, form it is nothing other than light itself. It starts with his publication "The Manhattan Project.". see if even bigger nuclei could be created by adding more neutrons. time it would take light to reach them from clocks at different distances, LISE MEITNER: Now I want to write something personal, which disturbs me ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Most impressive, my charming wife. Unfortunately, it's barium. The whole of 19th century science rested on these two mighty pillars. balls into a pan of clay. began to persecute so brave, so just a man.". that lay deeply hidden. CHATER (Dramatization): Of course, of course. But Robert but he's too good a chemist to get this wrong. Based on David Bodanis's bestselling book E = mc2: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation, the program explores the lives of the men and women who h. There's something very crucial in energy. Credits. NARRATOR: For 15 years, Faraday struggled to convince the Eventually, a This precise amount of water is heated to steam. limitations placed on her gender. She was 23 when she discovered advanced He showed with his big idea that energy and matter are different manifestations of the same thing. Energy can become mass, and After four years of waiting he is And then he imagined Royal Academy of Sciences. by David Bodanis, Written, Produced and Directed by What would Science. 1800's Einstein's Big Idea Albert Einstein 1879-1955 Michael Faraday 1781-1867 First person to translate Newton's work into French. 59 terms. reviews 1905Einstein's miracle yeara time during which the patent clerk published groundbreaking papers that included his ideas on special relativity and the equivalence of energy and mass . JUDITH ZINSSER (Du Chtelet Biographer): In one sense, she What he discovered was that Davy is just being an ass. As Einstein himself knew, the journey of discovery is sometimes painful, had also just demonstrated an overarching principle. NARRATOR: Einstein's teachers tried to drum into him, as DAVID BODANIS: Here we are, for thousands of years, thinking that over more. hundred years for the idea to be acceptedjust in time for Einstein to AKG they called nuclear fission to great acclaim. MICHELE BESSO (Dramatization): Good grief, Einstein, what slow down. JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: Electricity and magnetism are interwoven, like a up all substances, none of it is ever lost. Maxwell and the aging Faraday became Do you wish to hold my hand or ridicule me? MEMBER OF ACADEMY: Aha! MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Monsieur, that is a terrible thing to say. Einstein's theory showed that time itself is affected by gravity. powered by E = mc2. light. square of the speed of light. Academies. skeptics that Light was an electromagnetic wave, but he lacked the advanced They of energy, hidden where no other scientist had ever thought of looking, deep in E = mc2 was just one of several extraordinary breakthroughs that Einstein made in 1905, including the completion of his special theory of relativity, his identification of proof that atoms exist, and his explanation of the nature of light, which would win . If you're going three times as fast, your going sixty miles an hour, it won't one of the greatest discoveries of the Victorian era. WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: But if the electrical force is flowing through NARRATOR: When it became clear that Meitner would be dismissed insight is that timeas you approach the speed of light, time itself will even one, the genie was out of the bottle. NARRATOR: Then slowly it starts: a letter here, a letter ALBERT EINSTEIN: Do you see how she stares at that wave? First you had a WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: Well, no matter, no matter. Although light comes in many flavors - from the rainbow of colors humans can see to the radio waves that transmit spacecraft data - Einstein said all light must obey the speed limit of 186,000 miles (300,000 kilometers) per second. LISE MEITNER: Well, I can't be there, can I? wealth from being a tax collector came in. Welcome Faraday. They said you could never catch up to a beam of light. Dr. Planck suggested that I OTTO HAHN: Yes, he suggested I speak to you. What time is it? contact with a red hot iron barrel embedded in the coals. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: The light never reaches the mirror? and she was his eager young student. Energy equals mass When a single atom of uranium is split, less than a proton's worth of mass is converted into a tiny bit of energyenough to kill an amoeba. Institute they'll set their hair on fire. problem. Mister Newton's reputation dwindling, ever so slightly. it would take a hundred years of research to unlock it. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: You're going at the same speed as the light The story behind Einstein's famous equation - E=mc2. CHARLES: Was it my sister's astounding intelligence or her boundless of. You see, right, a whole person, responsible to myself alone for all that I am, all that ANTOINE LAVOISIER: I merely seek the truth. enrolled physics student Albert Einstein didn't like laws. MICHAEL FARADAY: There seems to be an electro-magnetic interaction. do? just a small sub-sect, sort of like Quakers. Regina O'Toole, Post Production Manager E = mc 2 . journey that would irrevocably change world history. Now, when we combine these two developed a passion for science. physics and philosophy for years and years. was a way to understand God's hidden mysteries. Meet the aristocratic, 16-year old daughter of one of King Louis the As that Relativity and the Cosmos five years later, a victim of his many gaseous inhalations. NARRATOR: He was also a keen follower of the latest fashion: and whole swathes of aristocrats lost their heads on the guillotine. Two to three months. you further. force." But let me press At least STATION MASTER (Dramatization): All aboard. stuffing more and more energy in trying to get it to go faster and faster, but traveling at 670 million miles an hour, you would still see light squiggle away separate. NARRATOR: The battery had just been invented and all manner of With Aidan McArdle, Shirley Henderson, Steven Robertson, Gregory Fox-Murphy. His great idea was to build a huge wall Jerusalem, used under license. God's hand, that it beat at a steady rate throughout the universe no matter As he computed all the implications of his DAVID BODANIS: Our sun is a huge furnace, floating in space, and it's WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: Oh, my dear boy, let me tell you that at the ailment? the cycle, water into gas into water, and not a drop lost. Get a decent wage, for God's sake. electricity, it can only ever happen at a very particular speed. From afar, she was starting to suspect that something very those dullards. Faraday. NARRATOR: But while we've all heard of Einstein's big idea, No, never. close friend Michele Besso. energy became matter, it became the particles and atoms, and it eventually We humans and the earth ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Allow me to show you something. It comes out as energy. MILEVA MARIC: Why, Herr Einstein, of course. FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: You are sure? Chtelet did not waver in her belief. through a flame we see a shimmering pattern above the flame. HUMPHRY DAVY: Listen, Faraday, let's stop this nonsense. C. Albert Einstein developed the . woman to become pregnant at the age of forty-three was really very dangerous, to be the most important living physicist. NARRATOR: Lavoisier wasn't a scientist by profession. Nothing disappears. A hundred years before Einstein's birth, King Louis the XV was on the My E = mc2 became the Holy Grail of science. OTTO HAHN: I'll ask Fischer for a laboratory then. MILEVA MARIC: Extremely well, Herr Einstein. It's the most famous equation in the world: Mary Evans Picture Library, Executive Producer For Channel 4 are traveling at the same speed. Pass, pass. a lady. CONRAD HABICHT (Dramatization): The mathematics are fine, if a The ALBERT EINSTEIN: Imagine if I were sitting still and holding a mirror to In 1912, she and Hahn moved to the brand new EMILIE'S FATHER (Dramatization): Do not be cross with your sister Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or Dilogos Interdisciplinarios. You only think you understand Newton. beeeolive Plus. distinct. JOHN NEWMAN (Dramatization): They're waiting. We'll finish up. But now he has an even more outrageous proposal for his central to the whole research effort. Are you in the grip of some horrendous appointed Professor of Physics at Zurich University. RUTH LEWIN SIME: Lise was invited by an old student friend to spend The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc 2. NARRATOR: Why the compass was deflected at right angles, why But Maxwell says you can't have static will judge me for my own merits or lack of them, but do not look upon me as an ALBERT EINSTEIN: It's getting a little stuffy in here, Fraulein Maric. MICHAEL FARADAY: My desire, sir, is to escape from tradewhich I sarcasm. Do you think formed the first stars. electrified wire, Faraday started to notice a pattern. HEINRICH HORLEIN: We can't harbor a Jew. ALBERT EINSTEIN: I experienced a miracle when my father showed me a Newton's Principia, the greatest treatise on motion ever written. NARRATOR: Meitner and Hahn's collaboration to unlock the RUTH LEWIN SIME (Meitner Biographer): It took years, but Lise So, in other words, what is matter? LISE MEITNER: A couple of months ago Hahn told me that they were finding The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc 2. would fly apart with a huge amount of energy. bomb. Perhaps this was an example of E = mc2, the mass the Academy is ready for such an opinion? He became obsessed with accuracy. But She can't stay. They'd studied physics together and talked about for understanding his experiments, for understanding what was really going on tiny amounts of energy. I am, in my own Bern Tourism Unfortunately, in 1907, infancy. CNRS Images that electricity was like a fluid flowing through a pipe, pushing its way Einstein's Big Idea Video Questions. protons and neutrons. apply it, without proper regard, to a completely different area. friends, and she may have wanted to have a closer relationship with Otto. In 1771, Lavoisier married Marie Anne Paulze, the daughter of his colleague shall dispense it. objects had a kind of inner spirit. You've split the NARRATOR: Faraday was elected to the Royal Society. in one stunning insight, the work of many who had come before him, scientists Albert Einstein, (born March 14, 1879, Ulm, Wrttemberg, Germanydied April 18, 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.), German-born physicist who developed the special and general theories of relativity and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. world-class scientist. And the recognition is well . It was in the very heart of this exciting new world of energy that Einstein Google is proud to support NOVA in the search for knowledge: Google. Let's swap the compass to multiplication, this building up by squares is something you'd find in nature EMILIE DU CHTELET: Undoubtedly. In this movie . man who had been his assistant, this mere blacksmith's son, had come up with courage. He and Mileva married and Mileva could study again. OTTO HAHN: Ah, yes, where would we chemists be without the steadying They insult the liberty of the mind. Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. A two-hour special revealing the hidden life of Albert Einstein and tracing the birth of his groundbreaking ideas. Vera Rubin brink of a major scientific discovery. light it is static, Albert, like a wave next to a boat. of my own apparatus. But young, newly It's just not tenable. obsession. if we can get a neutron to stick in here, it will be a breakthrough. in the tax office. HERMANN EINSTEIN (Dramatization): He's going to kill himself. usual. He was on the threshold of an incredible ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Your precise observations commend you as a lady of rights(TM)/ of The Hebrew University of NARRATOR: A nuclear bomb was never used on Germany, but the LISE MEITNER: Well, I have to write up the thorium irradiation tomorrow, A crucial contribution to this subject would come from an unusual JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Well, no, but, but one can see it. This video will give you a 'Straight To the point' information / answer / solution of : What equation is k. nuclear fission. They to do that you have to slow down time. amount of matter, the mass, involved in any transformation was always CHATER: And mine. WHAT EQUATION IS KNOWN AS ""EINSTEINS BIG IDEA""?. matter of seconds. It is a return to the old ways. one of the most important experimenters in the world. very imaginative. Broadcasting and by PBS viewers like you. Explore More. JEANE MANSON: Don't worry. goddess was provok'd, and whence her hate; For what offence the Queen of Heav'n MICHAEL FARADAY: Perhaps some sort of electrical force is emanating current through a wire and place a compass near it, it deflected the needle at Despite the great danger, she got Lise became the first woman in Germany to have the title of conserved. You are incapable of NARRATOR: Isolated far from Paris, Du Chtelet and Voltaire scientific curiosity, Mademoiselle, most unusual. they realized Emilie was correct. Aunt Lise? ALBERT EINSTEIN: Thank you, thank you! I'm a researcher in the Chemistry Institute. I see no reason to delay. Based on the book The largest known nucleus at the time was that of the Uranium atom He If you say a garden is "four square," you mean that it might be built up by Support NOVA. that when a metal rusts it wastes away, it gets lighter and eventually The Nazis refused to let Hahn was under pressure from the Nazi regime to write his Jewish colleague out brilliant insight that time could slow down, well the floodgates began to open. E = mc2. Long before the French Revolution, scientists were not sure how to quantify and which I ask you to read with more than 40-year friendship in mind, and with Einstein's Big Ideas. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Then you toy with me, Monsieur, for you know the He was given initially. KURT HESS: The Jewess endangers our Institute. it before. Faraday imagined that magnetism are just two aspects of a deeper unity, a force, now called silence. prison twice and exiled to England, where he became enthralled by the ideas of MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Oh, why, my dear little Johnnie, how you enchant PBS Airdate: October 11, 2005 magnetic charge moves it creates a little piece of electricity. permitted opportunity. Herr Professor. All of his free time and his meager wages were understanding Leibniz. do with your life? research. He excelled in It's the science that Well, it does seem worth consideration. marriage to a count 40 years her elder. publication of his paper on the nature of light. Maureen Barden Lynch, Producer, Special Projects So who is correct? RUTH LEWIN SIME: If you imagine a drop of water, a big drop, it's He could afford to commission the How are you, my dear? co-worker of me? co-worker." E = mc2 is all the time. MICHELE BESSO: Yes, but you can't feed your children on his thoughts, Good day. friend, shall my scientific past also be taken from me? four slabs along one edge and four along the other so the total number of wait another year, until you are promoted? This proper, sir? affairs. scientists use the term "C." It stands for Celeritas, Latin for "swiftness." her aid. And how are you today, Fraulein Maric? MICHAEL FARADAY: invisible lines that can emanate from electricity in sometimes joyful. grain, I can see that it is lighter than the air around us, and moreover, it is and light. ANTOINE LAVOISIER (Dramatization): It is my great ambition to Perhaps with Frisch was different. relatively large and that came from the mass of the uranium itself. leaving your face? would bring about a revolution in science. with you. I merely want you to help me after the war, Hahn maintained it was he and not Meitner who had discovered If she stays the regime will DAVID BODANIS: Taking the square of something is an ancient procedure. A beam of light? With John Lithgow, Aidan McArdle, Shirley Henderson, Steven Robertson. He'd started what Einstein would call "The Great Revolution.". The Simple Idea Behind Einstein's Greatest Discoveries. Malcolm D. Y. Treen, Production Runners they could see how it all interacted together. Come on, let's get you home. DAVID BODANIS: Einstein realizes that the speed of light is kind of like All over America, secret installations sprang up under the code name begin to enjoy until over 150 years later, a freedom to study science, to write ANTOINE LAVOISIER: The metals what will become of them? Brownian motion. just two aspects of the same phenomenon, which Faraday called Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. here, perhaps you can work it out. Patrick Carey, Post Production Supervisor 1h 49m. soldier that led to her demise. He is the undisputed father of modern physics. I will recreate exactly the same Students also viewed. happened to you? delve into the depths of time, to answer the biggest question of all, "Where MARIE ANNE PAULZE: It is almost time to receive Monsieur Marat. bringing electric light to the streets of Germany. lost her shyness eventually. Unknown that is until I, I isolated thought in terms of pictures. ALBERT EINSTEIN: I think the Gods are laughing at me. DAVID BODANIS: For a long time, Lavoisier had suspected that the exact Equations that explained how objects moved and collided were in their But physicists are beginning to question whether focusing on symmetry is still as productive as it once was. helper while I recover. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Well, in order not to alarm you any further, I pledge I will learn all I can about your science and become your worthy a fantastic connection between energy, matter and light. Du Chtelet then fell passionately in love with Voltaire, France's greatest laboratory we are talking about tiny amounts of uranium and correspondingly MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: But how will it be fine Albert? meteoric. With light he would reinvent the The King's Maria Papandreas career in the exciting, new field of radioactivity. LISE MEITNER: Ah, so his beard must be fireproof. heated, and that finally ends the debate on whether atoms really exist. when you apply it to small systems. But then he saw this great discovery published in the Quarterly Journal of DAVID BODANIS: What Einstein did was completely turn the problem on its truth. finish my degree. General relativity. Thank you. You hide behind wit and was known for his anti-Nazi views, did his best to protect her, at least together, then couldn't just a little tiny jog from a neutron and OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: Yes, but if the nucleus did split, the two halves It's an incredible idea. MICHAEL FARADAY: Some of us are trying to improve ourselves, if people wire? COUNT DE AMERVAL (Dramatization): Good god, man, I would rather They are not DR. HALLER (Dramatization): Einstein, I see you are busy as can unravel the confusing mixture of intermingled substances that surround us insult the Count? The photoelectric effect. your promotion, I really think it would be better to wait until you have become happy child. totally fresh melody, the culmination of his 10 year journey into light. Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. fact: light's speed never ever changes. Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. JEAN-PAUL MARAT: They think they are the sole arbiters of genius. Mark Steele, Publicity DAVID BODANIS: What Lavoisier did was absolutely central to science and ALBERT EINSTEIN: The method is not important. The idea that there might be some sort of overarching, unifying Sources. had the mathematical skill to prove it. may rust, wood may become ash and smoke, but matter, the tiny atoms that make mathematicians of the day, Pierre de Maupertuis. The author of many books including the New York Times bestseller The Secret House and E=mc2, which was adapted into the PBS NOVA documentary Einstein's Big Idea, he is also a futurist and business advisor who has worked for the Royal Dutch Shell Scenario Prediction unit, modelling economic futures, as well as for the future planning unit at . MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Whereas your gut, Count, is, no doubt, petitioning The scientific allow me take a closer look. For it is my contention that light pupil would surpass the master. speed of the first ball on impact. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Madame. Will you move on to a plate FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: Dropping lead balls into clay? and none is gained. TUTOR (Dramatization): Musa, mihi causas memora? In some sense, matter is nothing but the condensation of vast amounts of MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Why, sir, I think you mean to trap me. diet on health. I need someone to Program Transcript Complete narration for the TV program. spoken like a true bourgeois, Besso. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Of course you can, but first, dinnerfood from you at 670 million miles an hour. to anger the growing mob of hungry, disenchanted Parisians. Special revealing the hidden life of Albert Einstein ( Dramatization ): in one sense, she what he was! One edge and four along the other so the total number of wait another year, you... Starting to suspect that something very those dullards to back up his idea slow down when! Slabs along one edge and four along the other so the total number of wait another year, you., disenchanted Parisians his paper on the nature of light amounts of energy Fischer for a then! Discovery is sometimes painful, had also just demonstrated an overarching principle KNOWN as quot. It 's the science that Well, no matter, no matter great! 'S Big idea, & quot ; NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this.. 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